Patient monitoring systems is the term for all the various devices that are used to supervise patients. One category of such devices is devices that alerts if the patient gets into a critical state. Example of one such device is a heart monitor.
The need for patient monitoring is apparent in situations where the patient is:
• In unstable physiological regulatory systems, for example in the case of a drug overdose or anesthesia.
• In a life threatening condition, for example where there are indications of a heart attack.
• In risk of developing a life threatening condition.
• In a critical physiological state.
Patient monitoring is not a new in health care. The first primitive patient monitoring started with the work done by Santorio in 1625 that was measuring of body temperature and blood pressure. The development of new technology after World War 2 and up to today has developed a vast amount of different types of monitoring that can be done.
The existing systems of patient monitoring are either for patient under critical trauma or patients who have undergone surgery. Normally these patients are in the critical care unit & most probably a supervision belonging to the hospital is present in the place. For normal person who have limited disorders whom should also be taken into care do not have these patient monitoring systems.
Reasons for the Proposal
In the existing Monitoring systems there is no system to monitor & initiate calls to doctors about the patients during glucose trip injections.
It is quite common site in hospitals, that glucose saline injections are not given proper monitoring. The authorized person or nurse injects the saline bottle & controls the drip level & goes attending other patients. the patients with Intravenous Glucose Drip injecting should monitored for Temperature & heart beat.if the Temperature rises above the patients subscribed level or chills down below a preset level sufficient levels immediate stoppage of Dripping should be done .
Also the heart beat of the patient under above condition of Injection should be monitored as these type or Intravenous injections might lead to dizziness, vomiting High or LOW BP, which can be found by monitoring the heartbeat of the patients
The saline bottle should be monitored continuously & in case of glucose bottle emptied the dripping circuit should be stopped as it may lead to reverse flow of blood back into the glucose chamber.
Block Diagram
Patient Unit:
PC UNIT:
Theory of Operation
The project utilizes the VB as the back end, with the help of KEIL C based device driver. While the embedded system as the front-end of the project. Thus the project is firmware based. This project allows a person to monitor the status of a patient, which is otherwise called as biometric monitoring; via the system. The parameters examined are the temperature, heartbeat and the saline bottle emptied condition. The saline bottle emptied condition is found by non invasive capacitive sensors .Temperature is monitored via temperature sensor like LM34; this is a Fahrenheit sensor and directly gives body temperature without any conversion unit needed. The heart beat sensor is a clip type Heart beat pulse monitoring sensor based on Infrared Light.
The output from temperature sensors is fed to a multi channel analog to digital converters. This has multiplexed selection of data thus thereby selecting the required input at once. The output of ADC is 8 bit binary data the microcontroller reads the data and then checks for normality of procedures if ok it proceeds the above said procedure again .else it establishes a Rf Communication and sends data to the Personal computer. The corresponding parameters are then displayed on the system & a voice channel is established and states that the person in particular room has a problem. This is done until the nurse goes to the particular room and stabilizes the process. The process is stabilized by entering a particular key in patient monitoring module. Then once again a communication is established using RF from the Patient module and the Personal computer stops the alarm. If in case if no one responds to the call of the PC, the Pc establishes a wireless mobile communication with the authorized person and informs the status using sms.
Advantages of the Project
• Low cost Project
• The patient feels safe & relieved of his disease
• Highly accurate & easily portable system
• Multichannel Patient Monitoring option gives better system for servicing the patients from a single computer